Willow, osier (Salix viminalis)

Common osier is a deciduous broadleaf tree. Mature trees grow to 7m. The bark is greyish-brown with vertical cracks. Twigs are smooth and yellow-green.

Look out for: the edges of the very narrow leaves which often appear to be rolled inwards. Catkins appear before the leaves.

Identified in winter by: the green, sparsely hairy, narrow buds which are pressed close to the twig.

What does osier willow look like?

Not to be confused with:

Other willow species which all freely hybridise.

Where to find osier willow

Common osier is native to Europe and western Asia and thought to have been introduced to the UK in ancient times. It is often found growing in wet or damp areas, such as near rivers and streams.

Value to wildlife

Caterpillars of a number of moth species feed on the foliage, including the lackey, herald and red-tipped clearwing. The catkins provide an important source of early nectar and pollen for bees and other insects, and the branches make good nesting and roosting sites for birds.

Mythology and symbolism

There is a local custom in Chediston, Suffolk, known as a 'willow stripping' ceremony. On the night of the full moon in May, a person is dressed in willow strippings, dances around and is then thrown into the local pond.

Threats and conservation

Osier may be susceptible to watermark disease caused by the bacterium Brenneria salicis. Over time, this leads to affected branches dying back and red leaves developing in the crown. If left untreated, the tree can die.